What Is The Service Ceiling Of A Learjet

Executive concern jet series

Learjet 35/36

Learjet 35 landing
Role	Business jet Blazon of aircraft
Manufacturer	Learjet
Offset flight	22 Baronial 1973
Condition	Operational
Produced	1973–1994
Number built	738
Developed from	Learjet 25

The Learjet Model 35 and Model 36 are a series of American multi-role business jets and military transport shipping manufactured by Learjet. When used past the U.s. Air Strength they conduct the designation C-21A.

The shipping are powered by two Garrett TFE731-2 turbofan engines. Its motel can be arranged for six to eight passengers. The longer-range Model 36 has a shortened passenger expanse to provide more than space in the aft fuselage for fuel tanks.

The engines are mounted in nacelles on the sides of the aft fuselage. The wings are equipped with single-slotted flaps. The wingtip fuel tanks distinguish the design from other aircraft having similar functions.

Development [edit]

The concept which became the LJ35 began as the Learjet 25BGF (with GF referring to "Garrett Fan"), a Learjet 25 with a and so-new TFE731 turbofan engine mounted on the left side in place of the 25's General Electric CJ610 turbojet engine. This testbed aircraft start flew in May, 1971.^[1] Every bit a issue of the increased power and reduced racket of the new engine, Learjet further improved the design, and instead of existence but a variant of the 25, it became its own model, the 35.

By 2018, 1980s Learjet 35As starting time at $500,000.^[2]

Operational history [edit]

In 1976 American professional golfer Arnold Palmer used a Learjet 36 to establish a new round-the-world class record of 22,894 miles (36990 km) completed in 57 hours 25 minutes 42 seconds.^[3]

Learjet 35s made the bulk of Escuadrón Fénix flights during the 1982 Falklands State of war mainly on diversion flights.

Production on the 35/36 series ceased in 1994.^[iv]

Equally of January 2018^[update], the U.S. National Transportation Safety Board database^[5] lists 25 fatal accidents for the 35/35A, and two for the 36/36A.

Variants [edit]

Learjet 35 [edit]

The original Model 35 was powered by two TFE731-two-2A engines and was 13 inches longer than its predecessor, the Model 25. Commencement flight of the prototype Model 35 was on 22 August 1973, and the shipping was FAA certified in July, 1974. It could conduct up to eight passengers. There were 64 base of operations-model 35s built.^[iv]

Learjet 35A [edit]

The Model 35A is an upgraded Model 35 with TFE731-two-2B engines and a range of 2,789 miles, with a fuel capacity of 931 Usa gallons (3,524 50) with refueling achieved at ground level through each wingtip tank. Information technology was introduced in 1976, replacing the 35. Over 600 35As were built, with a production line that concluded with serial number 677, in 1993.^[iv]

On February 12, 1996, a Learjet 35A, N10BD,^[6] owned past Cable Television Founder Bill Daniels and piloted by Mark E. Calkins, Charles Conrad, Jr., Paul Thayer, and D. Miller completed an around-the-world flight in a record 49 hrs, 21 min, and viii sec. The record remains standing as of 2015^[update].^[7] This aircraft is at present on display in Concluding C of Denver International Aerodrome.^[eight]

Learjet 36: The Model 36 is essentially identical to the 35, except that information technology has a larger fuselage fuel tank, giving it 500 miles longer range, but reducing the passenger area's length past eighteen inches (0.46 m). Information technology was certified, along with the 35, in July, 1974.

Learjet 36A: Like the 35A, the Model 36A has upgraded engines and a college maximum gross weight. It was introduced in 1976, replacing the 36.^[4]

Military variants [edit]

C-21A: The C-21A is a United States military designation for an "off the shelf" variant of the Learjet 35A for the United States Air Force, with room for eight passengers and 42 ft³ (1.26 m³) of cargo. In addition to its normal function, the aircraft is capable of transporting litters during medical evacuations. Delivery of the C-21A fleet began in April 1984 and was completed in October 1985.

At that place are 38 Air Force active duty aircraft, and eighteen Air National Guard aircraft in the C-21A armada. On 1 April 1997, all continental U.Southward.-based C-21As were realigned nether Air Mobility Command, with the 375th Airlift Wing at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois, as the lead command. C-21As stationed outside the continental United states are assigned to the theater commanders.^[nine]

U-36: A Japanese military designation for a Combat support variant of the Learjet 35A for the Nippon Air self Defence Force (JASDF). At least half dozen built.^{[ citation needed ]}

U-36A: A Japanese military machine designation non a U.S. war machine designation. Utility transport, preparation version of the Learjet 35A. Equipped with a missile seeker simulator in add-on to a radar, avionics, firing grooming cess devices, an ejector pylon, a special communications arrangement, a target towing organisation and a jammer organisation. Four were built for the Japan Maritime Cocky-Defense Force.^{[ citation needed ]}

Notable accidents and incidents [edit]

On 7 June 1982, during the Falklands War, a Learjet 35 of Argentina's Escuadrón Fénix was shot down by HMS Exeter. The aircraft had been participating in a reconnaissance mission when it was hit by a Bounding main Dart surface-to-air missile launched past the destroyer. All v crew were killed.^[x]
On 13 February 1983, a Learjet 35A conveying Sri Lankan business tycoon Upali Wijewardene disappeared over the Straits of Malacca (Malaysia). The wreckage has never been found, nor whatever trace of Wijewardene, his summit executives, or crew.^[11] ^[12] ^[13]
On 17 September 1994, a Learjet 35A owned by Golden Eagle Aviation was accidentally shot downwards by the Republic of China Navy while being used as a target tug. All 4 crew on board were killed.^[14] ^[15]
On 17 Apr 1995, a C-21 crashed into a wooded area near Alexander Metropolis, Alabama killing the two pilots and six passengers, including Clark G. Fiester, assistant secretary of the Air Force for acquisition, and Major General Glenn A Profitt Ii.^[16]
The 1996 New Hampshire Learjet 35A crash on Christmas Eve, 24 December, lead to the longest missing shipping search in that state's history, lasting almost three years, and eventually resulted in Congressional legislation mandating improved emergency locator transmitters (ELTs) be installed in U.Due south.-registered business jets.
On 29 August 1999, a U.Due south. registered Learjet 35A owned by Corporate Jets, Inc., was shot downwardly near Adwa, Federal democratic republic of ethiopia, while flying from Luxor, Egypt, to Nairobi, Kenya, with the loss of three persons.^[17]
On 25 October 1999, professional person golfer Payne Stewart was killed in the crash of a Learjet 35. The airplane manifestly suffered a loss of cabin pressure at some point early in the flight. All on board are thought to accept died of hypoxia, lack of oxygen. The plane, apparently notwithstanding on autopilot, continued flying until one engine flamed out, most probable due to fuel starvation. It crashed near Aberdeen, South Dakota afterward an uncontrolled descent. The exact cause of the pressurization failure and the reason behind the crew's failure or inability to respond to information technology has not been definitively adamant.^[18]
On 9 March 2006 Argentine Air Force Learjet 35A serial T-21 struck terrain and bankrupt up presently subsequently takeoff from El Alto International Aerodrome in La Paz, Republic of bolivia killing all 6 on board. The Learjet was sent to Bolivia to deliver humanitarian aid.^[xix]
On 4 Nov 2007, a Learjet 35A crashed in São Paulo, Brazil, later a failed takeoff effort. It destroyed a house in a residential expanse near the Campo de Marte Airdrome, killing the pilot, co-pilot and 6 family unit members who were in the house.^[20]
On 24 June 2014, a Learjet 35A of the Gesellschaft Für Flugzieldarstellung (GFD) was involved in a mid-air standoff with a Eurofighter Typhoon of the High german Air Force and crashed at Olsberg, Germany.
On ix Nov 2014, a private Learjet 36 crashed in Freeport, Grand Bahamas, Bahamas. The jet struck a shipping crane at the Grand Bahama Ship M, exploding on impact and crashing into the ground near a junkyard area. The plane was en route from the Lynden Pindling International Airport with nine people on lath heading to Grand Bahama International Airport. All nine persons perished, including Myles Munroe, a Bahamian pastor.^[21]
On xv May 2017, Learjet 35A aircraft N452DA was on a repositioning flight from Philadelphia to Teterboro Drome in New Jersey, near New York City. The 2 pilots were killed afterwards the shipping stalled and crashed into a warehouse while circling to land. The NTSB investigation cited pilot error in standing an unstable arroyo.^[22]
On 27 December 2021, Learjet 35 aircraft N880Z was en route to Gillespie Field (KSEE) in El Cajon, California, near San Diego when information technology crashed onto a nearby street, killing all four occupants.^[23]

Operators [edit]

Noncombatant operators [edit]

The Learjet 35 is operated by private, corporate and air taxi operators.

Armed forces operators [edit]

Argentina

Argentine Air Force - operates a single Learjet 35 as of December 2016^[update].^[24]

Bolivia

Bolivian Air Force

Brazil

Brazilian Air Force - six in service as of December 2016^[update].^[25]

Chile

Chilean Air Force - two in service as of December 2015^[update].^[26]

Finland

Finnish Air Force - 3 in service as of December 2016^[update].^[27]

Japan

Nippon Maritime Cocky Defense Force - four Learjet 36 in service as of December 2016^[update].^[28]

Mexico

Mexican Air Force

Namibia

Namibian Air Force

Peru

Peruvian Air Force - one Learjet 36 in service every bit of December 2016^[update].^[29]

Saudi Arabia

Royal Saudi Air Force

Switzerland

Swiss Air Force

United Arab Emirates

United Arab Emirates Navy

United States

United States Air Force - xix C-21A in service equally of June 2019^[update].^[30]
United States Navy - Two Learjet 35/36s as of December 2016^[update].^[31]

Thailand

Royal Thai Air Force

Specifications (Learjet 36A) [edit]

Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1980–81^[32]

Full general characteristics

Crew: two (pilot and copilot)
Length: 48 ft 8 in (14.83 yard)
Wingspan: 39 ft 6 in (12.04 k) (over tip tanks)
Peak: 12 ft 3 in (3.73 m)
Wing area: 253.3 sq ft (23.53 yard^two)
Aspect ratio: 5.74:one
Airfoil: NACA 64A-109 (mod)^[33]
Empty weight: 9,154 lb (4,152 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 18,000 lb (8,165 kg)
Fuel chapters: 1,110 US gal (920 imp gal; 4,200 L) usable fuel
Powerplant: 2 × Garrett TFE731-2-2B turbofans, 3,500 lbf (16 kN) thrust each

Performance

Maximum speed: 471 kn (542 mph, 872 km/h) at 25,000 ft (7,600 one thousand)
Cruise speed: 418 kn (481 mph, 774 km/h) at 45,000 ft (14,000 m) (econ. prowl)
Stall speed: 96 kn (110 mph, 178 km/h) (wheels and flaps down)
Range: 2,857 nmi (three,288 mi, 5,291 km) (4 passengers)
Service ceiling: 45,000 ft (14,000 m)
Rate of climb: 4,525 ft/min (22.99 m/s) at bounding main level
Accept-off run to 30 ft (nine m): four,784 ft (one,458 k)
Landing run from 50 ft (15 m): ii,884 ft (879 m)

Run into also [edit]

Related lists

List of active United States military aircraft

References [edit]

^ The Learjet 35, 36 & 31 at Airliners.net
^ Mark Huber (December 2018). "For many models, market hitting the apex" (PDF). Aviation International News. pp. 20–21, 24.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-03-06. Retrieved 2012-05-25 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Learjet xxx Series Information from Spectrajet
^ NTSB database query
^ "Video of N10BD in flight".
^ "General Aviation World Records, Sub-class C-1f, turbojet. Perform a Tape Number Search for 3113 past clicking Records Tab, More Records Button, then entering Record Number 3113 in the search". Fédération Aéronautique Internationale.
^ "Mounting N10BD in C Concourse of Denver Intl Airport".
^ C-21A Learjet at GlobalSecurity.org
^ "Spyflight.co.uk Gates Learjet 35". Archived from the original on 2007-03-10. Retrieved 2018-01-06 .
^ "Archived re-create". Archived from the original on 2011-07-14. Retrieved 2009-07-11 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as championship (link)
^ "Upali Wijewardena: Memories of the unforgettable tycoon". 2010-02-17.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2009-06-04. Retrieved 2009-07-xi . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy every bit title (link)
^ "ASN Aircraft blow Learjet 35A B-98181 Taitung". ASN Aircraft accident Learjet 35A B-98181 Taitung . Retrieved 21 July 2016.
^ "Taiwan navy gunners kill crew past accident". Ocala Star-Banner. Sep 18, 1994. Retrieved 21 July 2016.
^ DefenseLink news release of C-21 accident
^ NTSB accident brief of Federal democratic republic of ethiopia shoot-down
^ Aircraft Accident Brief, N47BA
^ "ASN Aircraft accident Learjet 35A T-21 la Paz-El Alto Airport (LPB)".
^ Folha Online - Cotidiano - Queda de avião destrói duas casas e interdita outras duas em SP - 04/xi/2007
^ "Dr Myles Munroe and His Wife Expressionless in Plane Crash".
^ "Difference From Controlled Flight - Trans-Pacific Air Charter, LLC - Learjet 35A, N452DA - Teterboro, New Bailiwick of jersey - May fifteen, 2017" (PDF). world wide web.ntsb.gov. National Transportation Safe Board. March 12, 2019. Retrieved 19 March 2022.
^ "Modest jet airplane crashes in neighborhood near El Cajon: authorities". Play a trick on 5 San Diego. 2021-12-28. Retrieved 2021-12-28 .
^ Hoyle Flying International six–12 December 2016, p. 29.
^ Hoyle Flight International 6–12 December 2016, p. 31.
^ Hoyle Flight International 8–fourteen Dec 2015, p. 35.
^ Hoyle Flight International half-dozen–12 Dec 2016, p. 35.
^ Hoyle Flying International half-dozen–12 December 2016, p. 39.
^ Hoyle Flight International vi–12 Dec 2016, p. 44.
^ Combat Aircraft. Stamford, Lincolnshire, England: Primal Publishing Ltd. September 2019. p. 11.
^ Hoyle Flight International vi–12 Dec 2016, p. 52.
^ Taylor 1980, pp. 342–343.
^ Taylor 1980, pp. 340, 342.

Hoyle, Craig (8–xiv December 2015). "World Air Forces". Flight International. Vol. 188, no. 5517. pp. 26–53.
Hoyle, Craig (vi–12 December 2016). "Globe Air Forces Directory". Flight International. Vol. 190, no. 5566. pp. 22–53.
Taylor, John W. R. (1980). Jane'southward All The World's Aircraft 1980–81. London: Jane's Publishing Company. ISBN0 7106-0705-ix.